Dados do Trabalho

Título

Sociodemographic aspects of malaria cases in indigenous, rural and mining areas in the Brazilian Amazon in 2023

Introdução

In 2023, there were 139,959 autochthonous cases of malaria in Brazil. The Brazilian Amazon region currently concentrates more than 99% of autochthonous cases and most transmissions occur in special areas defined mainly as: urban areas, rural areas, settlements, indigenous areas and mining areas. These areas have characteristics that favor the transmission of the disease. 

Objetivo (s)

To present the sociodemographic profile of malaria cases in indigenous, rural and mining areas in the Amazon region in 2023. 

Material e Métodos

Autochthonous malaria data for the year 2023 was obtained from Sivep-Malaria (updated on 09/04/2024) and includes notified cases with probable infection sites in indigenous, rural and mining areas. The data is presented using a descriptive analysis, using relative and absolute frequency measures. Tableau 2024.1, QGis 3.32 and Excel 2016 were used to process the data. 

Resultados e Conclusão

Of the 138,708 autochthonous cases in the Amazon region, 55,833 (40.3%) had indigenous areas as probable sites of infection, 46,713 (33.7%) rural areas and 20,214 (14.6%) mining areas.  Together, these areas accounted for 88.6% of malaria cases in the Amazon region. The distribution of cases by special areas in 2023 was heterogeneous. There were clusters of transmission in mining areas in southwest Pará and northern Amapá, as well as in indigenous areas in northern Amazonas and northwest Roraima and rural areas in northwest Acre and northeast Pará. In the indigenous area, children aged between 0 and 9 of both sexes (38.9%), most of whom had no schooling and who carried out agricultural activities, were the most affected. In rural areas, the majority of cases occurred in males (62.6%), aged between 9 and 19 (20.7%), with schooling between the 1st and 4th grades (24.5%) and whose main activity is agriculture (55.4%). In the mining areas, the highest number of cases was among males (73.5%), aged between 20 and 29 (33.0%), with completed secondary education (21.5%) and carrying out mining activities (90.1%). In all areas, the P. vivax species was the most common (81.6%). This information is useful for understanding the risk factors for transmission, improving disease prevention and control activities, targeting and adapting strategies according to the specific characteristics of each area. 

Palavras Chave

malária; endemic area; mining area; rural area; indigenous area